See topp on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "toppen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of toppen"
],
"id": "en-topp-de-verb-BC~sMIuz",
"links": [
[
"toppen",
"toppen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "toppen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of toppen"
],
"id": "en-topp-de-verb-P~4qZJdF",
"links": [
[
"toppen",
"toppen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of toppen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔp/"
},
{
"audio": "De-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/De-topp.ogg/De-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/De-topp.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nds",
"3": "topp"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Low German topp",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "toppen",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German toppen (“to beat”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Low German topp, perhaps related to Middle Low German toppen (“to beat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "top",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 24 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Alright, the bet is on!",
"text": "Topp, die Wette gilt!",
"translation": "Alright, the bet is on!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
122,
126
]
],
"ref": "1772, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Emilia Galotti, 4. Aufzug, 1. Auftritt:",
"text": "Und als dieses—mag er doch geschehen sein, wie er will!—Ein Graf mehr in der Welt oder weniger! Denke ich Ihnen so recht?—Topp! auch ich erschrecke vor einem kleinen Verbrechen nicht.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
123
]
],
"english": "Intrigue and Love",
"ref": "1784, Friedrich Schiller, Kabale und Liebe [Intrigue and Love], 5. Akt, 7. Szene:",
"text": "Thoren sind's, die von ewiger Liebe schwatzen. Ewiges Einerlei widersteht, Veränderung nur ist das Salz des Vergnügens—Topp, Luise! Ich bin dabei—Wir hüpfen von Roman zu Roman, wälzen uns von Schlamme zu Schlamm[…]",
"translation": "Intrigue and Love",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
53
]
],
"english": "Faust, Part One",
"ref": "1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Studirzimmer”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]:",
"text": "Faust. […] Die Wette biet’ ich! / Mephistopheles. Top!",
"translation": "Faust, Part One",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates agreement, especially of an arrangement or a wager."
],
"id": "en-topp-de-intj-wDmBQrTR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Indicates agreement, especially of an arrangement or a wager."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔp/"
},
{
"audio": "De-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/De-topp.ogg/De-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/De-topp.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "top"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 7 28 1 12 1 1 12 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 6 6 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 2 9 22 1 15 1 1 15 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 8 7 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of top"
],
"id": "en-topp-enm-noun-D3ZEpI2F",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fjelltopp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fra topp til tå"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rødtopp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "toppetasje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "toppfart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "topphemmelig"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "topplokk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "toppløs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "toppmeis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "toppmøte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "toppseil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "topptung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "toppr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse toppr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"4": "",
"5": "tuft, top, summit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“tuft, top, summit”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewmb-",
"t": "penis, tail, rod"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewmb- (“penis, tail, rod”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse toppr, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“tuft, top, summit”), either a secondary formation from *tebō, *tappaz (“tuft, knot, peg”), or from earlier *tumpaz with irregular development *mp > *pp, from Proto-Indo-European *dewmb- (“penis, tail, rod”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topper",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "topp m (definite singular toppen, indefinite plural topper, definite plural toppene)",
"name": "nb-noun-m1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the top (highest point)"
],
"id": "en-topp-nb-noun-Xu5nt30A",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "nb:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top (garment covering the upper body)"
],
"id": "en-topp-nb-noun-uJTluKcr",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, summit (e.g. of a mountain)"
],
"id": "en-topp-nb-noun-fObTjEsv",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔpː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fjelltopp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "frå topp til tå"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toppetasje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toppfart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "topplokk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "toppmøte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "topptung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "toppr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse toppr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse toppr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "topp m (definite singular toppen, indefinite plural toppar, definite plural toppane)",
"name": "nn-noun-m1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the top (highest point)"
],
"id": "en-topp-nn-noun-Xu5nt30A",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "nn:Clothing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top (garment covering the upper body)"
],
"id": "en-topp-nn-noun-uJTluKcr",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, summit (e.g. of a mountain)"
],
"id": "en-topp-nn-noun-fObTjEsv",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crest (bird’s tuft)"
],
"id": "en-topp-nn-noun-1YDqfrtl",
"links": [
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔpː/"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toppe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "tope"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toop"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*topp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *topp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"t": "braid, pigtail, end"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "topp m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "topp"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topp",
"2": "toppas",
"3": "topp",
"4": "toppas",
"5": "toppes",
"6": "toppa",
"7": "toppe",
"8": "toppum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"top, summit (of something)"
],
"id": "en-topp-ang-noun-Ws2MOKeD",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 59 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lock or tuft of hair"
],
"id": "en-topp-ang-noun--IszcHgG",
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a top (toy)"
],
"id": "en-topp-ang-noun-y9oJY6va",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) a top (toy)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/topp/"
},
{
"ipa": "[top]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-opp"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "mountain peak",
"translation": "mountain peak",
"word": "bergstopp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "sugar-loaf; sweetheart",
"translation": "sugar-loaf; sweetheart",
"word": "sockertopp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "toppen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "bobble hat",
"translation": "bobble hat",
"word": "toppluva"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "pile, heap; cylindrical container",
"word": "toppa"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "topper"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish topper",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "toppr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse toppr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dumb-",
"4": "",
"5": "tail, rod, staff, pole, penis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, pole, penis”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish topper, tupper, from Old Norse toppr, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, pole, penis”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topps",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topparna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topparnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "topp c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "topp c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "höjd"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kam"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "krön"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "treetop",
"text": "trädtopp",
"translation": "treetop",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "take the elevator to the top of the Eiffel Tower",
"text": "ta hissen upp till toppen av Eiffeltornet",
"translation": "take the elevator to the top of the Eiffel Tower",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "the tip [top] of the iceberg [also idiomatically]",
"text": "toppen av isberget",
"translation": "the tip [top] of the iceberg [also idiomatically]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top, a peak (topmost or highest part)"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-noun-H2RHJ66g",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 3 11 11 25 25 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
33
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"english": "Mountain climbers try to reach the summit",
"text": "Bergsbestigare försöker nå toppen",
"translation": "Mountain climbers try to reach the summit",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top, a peak (topmost or highest part)",
"a summit, a crest"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-noun-E2kQl2uD",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 3 11 11 25 25 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "be in top form",
"text": "vara i toppform",
"translation": "be in top form",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
15,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "peak performance",
"text": "topprestanda [\"topp-prestanda\" – Swedish orthography turns triple consonants in compounds into double consonants]",
"translation": "peak performance",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "price spike",
"text": "pristopp",
"translation": "price spike",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "be among the top tier",
"text": "tillhöra toppskiktet",
"translation": "be among the top tier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
],
[
10,
20
]
],
"english": "the party leadership",
"text": "partitoppen",
"translation": "the party leadership",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
29
]
],
"english": "She was [stood] at the height of her career",
"text": "Hon stod på toppen av sin karriär",
"translation": "She was [stood] at the height of her career",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "top ten",
"text": "tio i topp / topp tio",
"translation": "top ten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top, a peak (high point)"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-noun-MYBXmaX0",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a top, a peak (high point)"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 11 11 25 25 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "sugarloaf",
"literal_meaning": "sugar peak",
"text": "sockertopp",
"translation": "sugarloaf",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"english": "Whip the cream until stiff peaks form",
"text": "Vispa grädden tills det bildas styva toppar",
"translation": "Whip the cream until stiff peaks form",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a peak (cone-shaped object)"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-noun-Boz9NnvW",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 11 11 25 25 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"english": "mountain peaks",
"text": "bergstoppar",
"translation": "mountain peaks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "the highest peak in the mountain range",
"text": "den högsta toppen i bergskedjan",
"translation": "the highest peak in the mountain range",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a peak (cone-shaped object)",
"a peak ((of a) mountain)"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-noun-ATCaXFvE",
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 11 11 25 25 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "fingertip",
"text": "fingertopp",
"translation": "fingertip",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "hair end",
"text": "hårtopp",
"translation": "hair end",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "split ends [of hair]",
"text": "kluvna toppar",
"translation": "split ends [of hair]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tip; an end (in some idiomatic cases)"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-noun-9AyWVzbq",
"links": [
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "She wore a top",
"text": "Hon bar en topp",
"translation": "She wore a top",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top (women's garment)"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-noun-GrKj24Qb",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg/Sv-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fr",
"3": "tope"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French tope",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tope, from the verb toper.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"agreed!"
],
"id": "en-topp-sv-intj-P-8X5p3D",
"links": [
[
"agreed",
"agreed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) agreed!"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg/Sv-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toppe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "tope"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toop"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toppe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "tope"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toop"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toppe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "tope"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toop"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "toppa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "tap"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "tup"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "toppe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "tap"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "tup"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "toppe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Topp"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Topp"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "topp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "topp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "sòpf"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Zopf"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Zopp"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Zapp"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "cöp"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "tsop",
"word": "צאָפּ"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "zopf"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "zuffa"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "zoph"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*toppus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*tuppaz<id:top>",
"id": "top"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*topp\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"top\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*topp\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_top\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"4": "",
"5": "summit, crest, tuft of hair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*topp m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/topp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"top, summit, crest"
],
"id": "en-topp-gmw-pro-noun-RWwCSvGm",
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tuft (of hair)"
],
"id": "en-topp-gmw-pro-noun-hXO~DWLZ",
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German interjections",
"German lemmas",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms borrowed from Low German",
"German terms derived from Low German",
"German verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "toppen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"singular imperative of toppen"
],
"links": [
[
"toppen",
"toppen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German colloquialisms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "toppen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present of toppen"
],
"links": [
[
"toppen",
"toppen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) first-person singular present of toppen"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔp/"
},
{
"audio": "De-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/De-topp.ogg/De-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/De-topp.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German interjections",
"German lemmas",
"German terms borrowed from Low German",
"German terms derived from Low German",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nds",
"3": "topp"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Low German topp",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "toppen",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German toppen (“to beat”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Low German topp, perhaps related to Middle Low German toppen (“to beat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "top",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German dated terms",
"German terms with quotations",
"German terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "Alright, the bet is on!",
"text": "Topp, die Wette gilt!",
"translation": "Alright, the bet is on!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
122,
126
]
],
"ref": "1772, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Emilia Galotti, 4. Aufzug, 1. Auftritt:",
"text": "Und als dieses—mag er doch geschehen sein, wie er will!—Ein Graf mehr in der Welt oder weniger! Denke ich Ihnen so recht?—Topp! auch ich erschrecke vor einem kleinen Verbrechen nicht.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
119,
123
]
],
"english": "Intrigue and Love",
"ref": "1784, Friedrich Schiller, Kabale und Liebe [Intrigue and Love], 5. Akt, 7. Szene:",
"text": "Thoren sind's, die von ewiger Liebe schwatzen. Ewiges Einerlei widersteht, Veränderung nur ist das Salz des Vergnügens—Topp, Luise! Ich bin dabei—Wir hüpfen von Roman zu Roman, wälzen uns von Schlamme zu Schlamm[…]",
"translation": "Intrigue and Love",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
50,
53
]
],
"english": "Faust, Part One",
"ref": "1808, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “Studirzimmer”, in Faust: Der Tragödie erster Teil [Faust, Part One]:",
"text": "Faust. […] Die Wette biet’ ich! / Mephistopheles. Top!",
"translation": "Faust, Part One",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates agreement, especially of an arrangement or a wager."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) Indicates agreement, especially of an arrangement or a wager."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔp/"
},
{
"audio": "De-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/De-topp.ogg/De-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/De-topp.ogg",
"tags": [
"Germany",
"Berlin"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "top"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of top"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nb:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjelltopp"
},
{
"word": "fra topp til tå"
},
{
"word": "rødtopp"
},
{
"word": "toppetasje"
},
{
"word": "toppfart"
},
{
"word": "topphemmelig"
},
{
"word": "topplokk"
},
{
"word": "toppløs"
},
{
"word": "toppmeis"
},
{
"word": "toppmøte"
},
{
"word": "toppseil"
},
{
"word": "topptung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "toppr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse toppr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"4": "",
"5": "tuft, top, summit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“tuft, top, summit”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewmb-",
"t": "penis, tail, rod"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewmb- (“penis, tail, rod”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse toppr, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“tuft, top, summit”), either a secondary formation from *tebō, *tappaz (“tuft, knot, peg”), or from earlier *tumpaz with irregular development *mp > *pp, from Proto-Indo-European *dewmb- (“penis, tail, rod”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topper",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "topp m (definite singular toppen, indefinite plural topper, definite plural toppene)",
"name": "nb-noun-m1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the top (highest point)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a top (garment covering the upper body)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, summit (e.g. of a mountain)"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔpː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔp"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nn:Clothing"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjelltopp"
},
{
"word": "frå topp til tå"
},
{
"word": "toppetasje"
},
{
"word": "toppfart"
},
{
"word": "topplokk"
},
{
"word": "toppmøte"
},
{
"word": "topptung"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "toppr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse toppr",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse toppr.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "topp m (definite singular toppen, indefinite plural toppar, definite plural toppane)",
"name": "nn-noun-m1"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the top (highest point)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a top (garment covering the upper body)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peak, summit (e.g. of a mountain)"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crest (bird’s tuft)"
],
"links": [
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tɔpː/"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
"Old English masculine nouns",
"Old English nouns",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old English/opp",
"Rhymes:Old English/opp/1 syllable"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toppe"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
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"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
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"lang_code": "vi",
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],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "topp"
},
{
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{
"descendants": [
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"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
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"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "tope"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "tốp"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "toop"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*topp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *topp",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"t": "braid, pigtail, end"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "top",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "topp m",
"name": "ang-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "topp"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "topp",
"2": "toppas",
"3": "topp",
"4": "toppas",
"5": "toppes",
"6": "toppa",
"7": "toppe",
"8": "toppum",
"num": "",
"title": "",
"type": "strong a-stem"
},
"name": "ang-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"top, summit (of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lock or tuft of hair"
],
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
],
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a top (toy)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(possibly) a top (toy)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possibly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/topp/"
},
{
"ipa": "[top]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-opp"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine a-stem nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic nouns",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
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},
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"word": "Top"
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"word": "tap"
}
],
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"borrowed"
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"word": "Top"
},
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],
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"word": "tap"
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],
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{
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"word": "Top"
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{
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"word": "Top"
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],
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{
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],
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],
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],
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"lang_code": "ang",
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},
{
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"word": "Top"
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}
],
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{
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"word": "top"
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],
"word": "Top"
},
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],
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],
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"word": "top"
},
{
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"raw_tags": [
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],
"word": "Top"
},
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],
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],
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"word": "Top"
},
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],
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],
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{
"descendants": [
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"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "German",
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"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "Vietnamese",
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],
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"word": "top"
},
{
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"word": "tap"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
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"word": "toop"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ang",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "Top"
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{
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"word": "Top"
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],
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],
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],
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],
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{
"descendants": [
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},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "tup"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "toppe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "tap"
},
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "tup"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "top"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "toppe"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Topp"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Topp"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "*top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "topp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*topp"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "top"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "topp"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "*top"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"word": "sòpf"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Zopf"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"word": "Zopp"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Zapp"
},
{
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"lang_code": "wym",
"word": "cöp"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "tsop",
"word": "צאָפּ"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "zopf"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "zuffa"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "zoph"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*toppus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*tuppaz<id:top>",
"id": "top"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*topp\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"top\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*topp\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_top\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz",
"4": "",
"5": "summit, crest, tuft of hair"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-noun-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "*topp m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gmw-infl-noun-a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/topp",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"top, summit, crest"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gmw-pro:Hair"
],
"glosses": [
"tuft (of hair)"
],
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish interjections",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms borrowed from French",
"Swedish terms derived from French",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "mountain peak",
"translation": "mountain peak",
"word": "bergstopp"
},
{
"english": "sugar-loaf; sweetheart",
"translation": "sugar-loaf; sweetheart",
"word": "sockertopp"
},
{
"word": "toppen"
},
{
"english": "bobble hat",
"translation": "bobble hat",
"word": "toppluva"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "pile, heap; cylindrical container",
"word": "toppa"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gmq-osw",
"3": "topper"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish topper",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "non",
"3": "toppr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse toppr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tuppaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tuppaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dumb-",
"4": "",
"5": "tail, rod, staff, pole, penis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, pole, penis”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Swedish topper, tupper, from Old Norse toppr, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dumb- (“tail, rod, staff, pole, penis”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "topp",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "topps",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "toppar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "toppars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topparna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "topparnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"g4": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "topp c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "topp c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "höjd"
},
{
"word": "kam"
},
{
"word": "krön"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"english": "treetop",
"text": "trädtopp",
"translation": "treetop",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
21,
28
]
],
"english": "take the elevator to the top of the Eiffel Tower",
"text": "ta hissen upp till toppen av Eiffeltornet",
"translation": "take the elevator to the top of the Eiffel Tower",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"english": "the tip [top] of the iceberg [also idiomatically]",
"text": "toppen av isberget",
"translation": "the tip [top] of the iceberg [also idiomatically]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top, a peak (topmost or highest part)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
33
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
41
]
],
"english": "Mountain climbers try to reach the summit",
"text": "Bergsbestigare försöker nå toppen",
"translation": "Mountain climbers try to reach the summit",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top, a peak (topmost or highest part)",
"a summit, a crest"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"crest",
"crest"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "be in top form",
"text": "vara i toppform",
"translation": "be in top form",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
15,
19
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "peak performance",
"text": "topprestanda [\"topp-prestanda\" – Swedish orthography turns triple consonants in compounds into double consonants]",
"translation": "peak performance",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "price spike",
"text": "pristopp",
"translation": "price spike",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
16
]
],
"english": "be among the top tier",
"text": "tillhöra toppskiktet",
"translation": "be among the top tier",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
],
[
10,
20
]
],
"english": "the party leadership",
"text": "partitoppen",
"translation": "the party leadership",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
19,
29
]
],
"english": "She was [stood] at the height of her career",
"text": "Hon stod på toppen av sin karriär",
"translation": "She was [stood] at the height of her career",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
3
]
],
"english": "top ten",
"text": "tio i topp / topp tio",
"translation": "top ten",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top, a peak (high point)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) a top, a peak (high point)"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_literal_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "sugarloaf",
"literal_meaning": "sugar peak",
"text": "sockertopp",
"translation": "sugarloaf",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
43
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
27,
32
]
],
"english": "Whip the cream until stiff peaks form",
"text": "Vispa grädden tills det bildas styva toppar",
"translation": "Whip the cream until stiff peaks form",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a peak (cone-shaped object)"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
14
]
],
"english": "mountain peaks",
"text": "bergstoppar",
"translation": "mountain peaks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
16
]
],
"english": "the highest peak in the mountain range",
"text": "den högsta toppen i bergskedjan",
"translation": "the highest peak in the mountain range",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a peak (cone-shaped object)",
"a peak ((of a) mountain)"
],
"links": [
[
"peak",
"peak"
],
[
"peak",
"peak"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish links with redundant target parameters",
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"english": "fingertip",
"text": "fingertopp",
"translation": "fingertip",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
8
]
],
"english": "hair end",
"text": "hårtopp",
"translation": "hair end",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "split ends [of hair]",
"text": "kluvna toppar",
"translation": "split ends [of hair]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tip; an end (in some idiomatic cases)"
],
"links": [
[
"tip",
"tip"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Swedish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "She wore a top",
"text": "Hon bar en topp",
"translation": "She wore a top",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a top (women's garment)"
],
"links": [
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg/Sv-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish interjections",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish terms borrowed from French",
"Swedish terms derived from French"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "fr",
"3": "tope"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French tope",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French tope, from the verb toper.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "interjection"
},
"expansion": "topp",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"agreed!"
],
"links": [
[
"agreed",
"agreed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) agreed!"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-topp.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg/Sv-topp.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Sv-topp.ogg"
}
],
"word": "topp"
}
Download raw JSONL data for topp meaning in All languages combined (34.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.